Emissions from the Lafarge Cement Kiln in Wiltshire
Information Supplied by The Air That We Breathe Group
| Operator | Site Address | Licence |
| Lafarge Industries | TROWBRIDGE ROAD, WESTBURY, WILTSHIRE | BL7752IT |
| Process | CEMENT AND LIME Manufacture | |
| Material | Maximum Reported Emission 1998 – 2006 | Effects on Human Health |
| Ammonia | 22.5t | Excessive exposure to ammonia may affect the eye, lung, nose, skin and throat. |
| Boron | 17453kg | Excessive exposure to boron and its compounds may affect the brain, digestive system, eye, kidney, liver, lung, nose, reproductive system, skin, throat and the unborn child. |
| Metals | ||
| Antimony | 10.4kg | Excessive exposure to antimony may affect the digestive system, eye, heart, kidney, lung and skin. |
| Arsenic | 4.2kg | Arsenic and some of its compounds may cause cancer and genetic damage. Excessive exposures may affect the blood, blood vessels, brain, digestive system, lung, peripheral nerve and skin. |
| Beryllium | 3.43kg | Excessive exposure to beryllium may affect the eye, lung and skin, and may cause cancer. |
| Cadmium | 2.7kg | Excessive exposure to cadmium and its compounds may affect the blood, blood vessels, bone, digestive system, heart, immune system, kidney, liver and lung, and may cause cancer. Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed. Possible risk of irreversible effects. |
| Chromium | 62.2kg | Chromium and its compounds may cause cancer and genetic damage. Excessive exposure may affect the digestive system, kidney, liver, lung, nose, skin and the unborn child. |
| Copper | 29.9kg | Excessive exposure to copper and its compounds may affect the digestive system, eye, kidney, liver, lung and nose. |
| Lead | <100kg | Lead and some of its compounds may affect the development of the brain in children and the unborn child. Excessive exposure may affect the blood, blood vessels, digestive system, kidney, peripheral nerve, reproductive system and the unborn child, and may cause cancer. |
| Manganese | <100kg | Excessive exposure to manganese and its compounds may affect the brain, liver, lung, reproductive system and skin. |
| Mercury | 20.44kg | Excessive exposure to mercury and its compounds may affect the brain, digestive system, eye, heart, kidney, lung, reproductive system, skin, and the unborn child. |
| Nickel | 103.83kg | Nickel may cause cancer and genetic damage.Excessive exposure to nickel may affect the blood, lung, nose, reproductive system, skin and the unborn child. |
| Selenium | <200kg | Excessive exposure to selenium and its compounds may affect the brain, digestive system, eye, heart, liver, lung, peripheral nerve, reproductive system, skin, throat. | Vanadium | <100kg | Excessive exposure to vanadium compounds may affect the digestive system, eye, liver, skin, throat and the unborn child, and may cause cancer. |
| Zinc | <100kg | Excessive exposure to zinc compounds may affect the blood, digestive system, eye, kidney, lung, pancreas, reproductive system, skin and the unborn child. |
| Ozone | <50kg | Excessive exposure to ozone may affect the eye and lung. |
| Carbon dioxide | 716004.2t | Major contributor to climate change. Climate changes will inevitably influence the health of those directly affected. |
| Carbon dioxide – ‘chemical’ | 326000t | |
| Carbon dioxide – ‘thermal’ | 307000t | |
| Carbon monoxide | 678.7t | Excessive exposure to carbon mono xide may affect the blood, brain, heart, and the unborn child. |
| Nitrogen oxides (as NO2) | 3447.7t | Excessive exposure to nitrogen oxides may affect the blood, liver, lung and spleen. |
| Nitrous oxide | 15800kg | |
| Sulphur oxides (as SO2) | 1685t | Excessive exposure to sulphur dioxide may affect the eye, lung and throat. |
| Hydrogen chloride | 52.46t | Excessive exposure to hydrogen chloride may affect the eye, lung, nose, skin and throat. |
| Inorganic chlorine compounds | 52466kg | |
| Hydrogen cyanide | <200kg | A poisonous gas that affects the central nervous system and can cause death if the exposure is high enough. May cause brain damage at lower than lethal concentrations. |
| Hydrogen fluoride | <5000kg | Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, nose and throat; pulmonary edema; skin and eye burns; nasal congestion; bronchitis. |
| Inorganic fluorine compounds | <5000kg | Can cause fluorosis – may damage teeth and bones if exposed to excessive concentrations |
| Particulate matter – total | 147.91t | |
| PM10 | 69.5t | Particulates affect the heart and lung. COMEAP have concluded that there is an effect on health from any particulate matter. |
| Methane | 50.1t | Excessive exposure to methane may affect the brain. |
| VOC and POP | Volatile Organic Compounds include a large number of toxic chemicals some effects are listed below under the individual chemicals. No one knows the effect of small quantities of lots of organic chemicals acting together. | |
| VOCs (as C) (1998-2001) | 268.9t | |
| VOCs (NMVOCs) (2002 onwards) | 84t | |
| Benzene | 4367.02kg | Benzene may cause cancer and genetic damage. Excessive exposure may affect the blood, brain, heart, immune system, liver, lung and skin. Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation |
| Butadiene (1,3-Butadiene) | <100kg | 1,3-Butadiene may cause cancer and genetic damage. Excessive exposure may affect the blood, brain, eye, heart, kidney, lung, nose and throat. |
| Styrene | <100kg | Excessive exposure to styrene may affect the blood, brain, eye, immune system, kidney, liver, lung, skin and throat. |
| Carbon disulphide | <1000kg | Excessive exposure to carbon disulphide may affect the brain, eye, heart, liver, lung, reproductive system, skin, and the unborn child. |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | There is rapidly increasing body of evidence supporting the conclusion that carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produce severe, long-term immunotoxicity. This may be related to the structure of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons since immune alterations have not been observed following exposure to noncarcinogenic congeners. Evidence exists to indicate that mixtures of PAHs are carcinogenic in humans. The evidence in humans comes primarily from occupational studies of workers exposed to mixtures containing PAHs as a result of their involvement in such processes as coke production, roofing, oil refining, or coal gasification (e.g., coal tar, roofing tar, soot, coke oven emissions, soot, crude oil)… . PAHs, however, have not been clearly identified as the causative agent. Cancer associated with exposure to PAH-containing mixtures in humans occurs predominantly in the lung and skin following inhalation and dermal exposure, respectively. Some ingestion of PAHs is likely because of swallowing of particles containing PAHs subsequent to mucociliary clearance of these particulates from the lung. | |
| PAHs (borneff six) | 630.88kg | |
| Benzo(a)Pyrene | <1kg | Benzo(a)pyrene may cause cancer and genetic damage. Excessive exposure may affect the blood, immune system, reproductive system and the unborn child. May cause heritable genetic damage; May impair fertility; |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | <1kg | probable human carcinogen, increased incidences of skin, lung, bladder & gastrointestinal cancer. Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles like benzo(b)fluoranthene and other pahs. |
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | <1kg | Possibly genotoxic |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | <1kg | probable human carcinogen. |
| Chrysene | <10kg | probable human carcinogen. Pregnant women may be especially susceptible to exposure effects associated with coal tar pitch volatiles. Persons with existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of coal tar pitch volatiles |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | <1kg | The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans. caused increased incidences of lung and genitourinary cancer mortality |
| Naphthalene | <10000kg | Excessive exposure to naphthalene may affect the blood, breastfed baby, eye, lung and the unborn child. |
| Organo-chlorine and organo-fluorine compounds | ||
| CFCs (as C) (1998-2001) | <100kg | Damage the ozone layer so may affect health indirectly through increased uv radiation at ground level. |
| CFCs (total mass 2002 onwards) | <50kg | |
| Carbon tetrachloride | <100kg | Excessive exposure to carbon tetrachloride may affect the brain, digestive system, eye, kidney, liver and skin, and may cause cancer. |
| Dioxins and furans – as ITEQ | 70 mg | Excessive exposure to dioxins may affect the heart, immune system, liver, skin, thyroid gland and the unborn child, and may cause cancer. |
| Dioxins and furans- as WHO TEQ | 40 mg | |
| Halons (as C) (1998-2001) | <100kg | Chemicals containing fluorine and chlorine. Many cause cancer or have narcotic effects. They can be associated with dioxin formation. |
| Halons (total) (2002 onwards) | <50kg | |
| HCFCs (as C) (1998-2001) | <100kg | |
| HCFCs (total) (2002 onwards) | <1000kg | |
| HFCs (as C) (1998-2001) | <100kg | |
| HFCs (total) (2002 onwards) | <100kg | |
| PCBs as WHO TEQ | .02g | |
| PFCs (as C) (1998-2001) | <100kg | |
| PFCs (total) (2002 onwards) | <100kg | |
| Phosgene (Carbonic dichloride) | <100kg | Excessive exposure to phosgene may affect eye, lung, skin and throat. |
| Methyl chloride | <10000kg | Excessive exposure to chloromethane may affect the brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, reproductive system and skin, and may cause cancer. |
| Sulphur hexafluoride | <100kg | Excessive exposure to sulphur hexafluoride may affect the brain. |
Source: The Air That We Breathe.
